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Absorbers (packed columns) absorb waste gases (air mass) during gas scrubbing, which can have various forms (absorption of polluted gases into a medium, concentration of harmful vapours). The separatory effect of absorbers is given by chemical engineering processes of sorption and chemisorption.
Dependence of the separatory effect:
a) affinity of pollutants contained in the gas flows, which need to be separated in the absorbers by a mass transfer into the scrubbing solution.
b) hydrodynamic proportionality of the off-gas flow and the scrubbing solution.
c) chemical engineering proportionality of the interfacial boundary in the transport of the offgas-scrubbing solution (Henry's constant for the given partial pairs of substances such as the function of temperature and pressure, the kinetics of the g – f contact)
d) the maximum content of pollutants in the off-gas flow and homogeneity of this content.
The absorbers are designed for normal environment or environment with a risk of explosion.